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This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 67 Supplement 1
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 67 Supplement 1
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 67 Supplement 1
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 67 Supplement 1
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 67 Supplement 1
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 67 Supplement 1
There has been a clear decline in the volume of oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere over the past 20 years. Although the magnitude of this decrease appears small compared to the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere, it...
At the 93rd annual meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan, a symposium entitled “Expanding frontiers in weight-control research explored by young investigators” was organized. The latest research on wei...
Both types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) are associated with profound deterioration of calcium and bone metabolism, partly from impaired intestinal calcium absorption, leading to a reduction in cal...
Clarification of the functiogenesis of the embryonic central nervous system (CNS) has long been problematic, because conventional electrophysiological techniques have several limitations. First, early embryoni...
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) appear in the late embryonic brain, mature into oligodendrocytes (OLs), and form myelin in the postnatal brain. It has been proposed that early born OPCs derived from the...
Respiratory activities are produced by medullary respiratory rhythm generators and are modulated from various sites in the lower brainstem, and which are then output as motor activities through premotor effere...
Knowledge accumulated in the field of energetics of muscle contraction has been reviewed in this article. Active muscle converts chemical energy into heat and work. Therefore, measurements of heat production a...
We aimed to examine the afferent mechanisms for the reflex inhibition of the rhythmic micturition contractions (RMCs) of the urinary bladder induced by stimulation of the perineal skin afferents in urethane-an...
The effects of gravitational loading (G load) on humans have been studied ever since the early 20th century. After the dangers of G load in the vertical head-to-leg direction (+Gz load) became evident, many an...
Alpha 7 subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are expressed in microglia and are involved in the suppression of neuroinflammation. Over the past decade, many reports show beneficial effects of...
The Correction to this article has been published in The Journal of Physiological Sciences 2018 68:s12576-018-0608-6
In most species androgens shorten the cardiac action potential and reduce the risk of afterdepolarizations. Despite the central role of the rat model in physiological studies, the effects of androgens on the r...
The purpose of this study was to examine the acute skeletal muscle and perceptual responses to blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise to failure between narrow nylon and elastic inflatable cuffs at rest and dur...
Decreased distensibility of carotid artery is independently associated with the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Arterial distensibility is determined by vascular tone. Since shear stres...
Danjiki is an ascetic traditional fasting ritual in the Japanese Buddhism training. Here we present a case of a 48-year-old man who underwent a 1-week-long Danjiki fasting ritual in a rem...
Extended periods of skeletal muscle disuse results in muscle atrophy and weakness. Currently, no therapeutic treatment is available for the prevention of this problem. Nonetheless, growing evidence suggests th...
During exercise, tidal volume initially contributes to ventilatory responses more than respiratory frequency, and respiratory frequency then increases rapidly while tidal volume stabilizes. Dyspnea intensity i...
The mammalian circadian clock regulates day–night fluctuations in various physiological processes. The circadian clock consists of the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and perip...
We characterized human amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) in senescent cultures (6 weeks) versus cryopreserved cells using whole-cell patch-clamp, immunophenotyping, and differential gene expression profiling fo...
The placenta is required to transport calcium (Ca2+) from mother to fetus during fetal bone mineralization. In an attempt to clarify the molecular basis of Ca2+ entry for this transport, we identified TRPM6 as a ...
Peripheral tissue inflammation can alter the properties of somatic sensory pathways, causing behavioral hypersensitivity and resulting in increased responses to pain caused by noxious stimulation (hyperalgesia...
The authors have reviewed recent research advances in basal ganglia circuitry and function, as well as in related disorders from multidisciplinary perspectives derived from the results of morphological, electr...
Intracellular pH (pHi) regulation fundamentally participates in maintaining HCO3 − release from HCO3 −-secreting epithelia. We used parotid intralobular ducts loade...
GABA and glycine are major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the CNS and act on receptors coupled to chloride channels. During early developmental periods, both GABA and glycine depolarize membrane potentials du...
Mitochondrial homeostasis is tightly regulated by two major processes: mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial degradation by autophagy (mitophagy). Research in mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle i...
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is related to mutations at the genetic level. This includes mutations in genes that encode KCNQ1, a subunit of the I Ks channel. Here, we investigate the mechanism...
Aging is associated with changes in sleep duration and quality, as well as increased rates of pathologic/disordered sleep. While several factors contribute to these changes, emerging research suggests that age...
The circadian clock system confers daily anticipatory physiological processes with the ability to be reset by environmental cues. This “circadian adaptation system” (CAS), driven by cell-autonomous molecular c...
Recent evidence suggests that a minor subset of cancer cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), have self-renewal and tumorigenic potential. Therefore, the characterization of CSCs is important for developing t...
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with decline in memory. The role of oxidative stress is well known in the pathogenesis of the disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ...
This review provides a summary of the physiological significance of the TRPV2 ion channel. While TRPV2 was initially characterized as a noxious heat sensor, we found that TRPV2 can also act as a mechanosensor ...
The effects of icing or heat stress on the regeneration of injured soleus muscle were investigated in male Wistar rats. Bupivacaine was injected into soleus muscles bilaterally to induce muscle injury. Icing (...
The study described herein aimed to examine changes in HDAC4 and its downstream targets in immobilization-induced rat skeletal muscle atrophy. Eleven male Wistar rats were used, and one hindlimb was immobilize...
Throughout our investigations on the ontogenesis of the electrophysiological events in early embryonic chick hearts, using optical techniques to record membrane potential probed with voltage-sensitive dyes, we...
β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) mediate the positive inotropic effects of catecholamines by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of the L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs), which provide Ca2+ for the initiation and regulation ...
We investigated the effect of noxious (pinching) and innocuous (stroking) stimulation of skin on serotonin (5-HT) release in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in anesthetized rats. 5-HT in the CeA was ...
Sudden exposure to altitude hypoxia is responsible for acute mountain sickness (AMS) in un-acclimatized persons. If not treated in time, AMS can worsen and leads to high altitude cerebral edema, which can be f...
We coordinated anatomy and physiology lectures and practicals to facilitate an integrated understanding of morphology and function in a basic medical science program for dental students and to reduce the time ...
Oxytocin (OT) is released into the brain from the cell soma, axons, and dendrites of neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus. Locally released OT can activate OT receptors, form inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate a...
Rodents show grooming, a typical self-care behavior, under stress and non-stress conditions. Previous studies revealed that grooming under stress conditions such as the open-field test (OFT) or the elevated pl...
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of walking in water on respiratory muscle fatigue compared with that of walking on land at the same exercise intensity. Ten healthy males particip...
Expression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN1-4) on distal dendrites of neurons is suggested to modify synaptic integration in the central nervous system. However, the mechan...
During capacitation, motility of mammalian spermatozoon is changed from a state of “activation” to “hyperactivation.” Recently, it has been suggested that some hormones present in the oviduct are involved in t...
Obesity increases the risk of respiratory disease, which is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness. Although the molecular underpinnings of this phenomenon are not well established, lung remodeling is know...
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