Fig. 3

Sodium acetate’s impact on ovarian TNF-α (a), NF-kB (b), Caspase-6 (c), and HIF-1α (d) in experimental PCOS rats. Data are expressed with mean ± SD, n = 5. (*p < 0.05 vs control, #p < 0.05 vs PCOS). Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS); Control (CONT); sodium acetate (SATE); tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB); hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1 α)