Fig. 2

A–C Estimation of homocysteine and oxidative stress markers in the different studied groups. Plasma level of total Hcy (A), renal tissue level of MDA (B), and SOD (C). Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM. ns: nonsignificant, *p < 0.05, ****p < 0.0001. D–I Pearson’s correlation and simple linear regression of pooled values of all studied groups show a significant positive correlation between MDA and urea (D) and creatinine (E). Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between SOD and urea (F) and creatinine (G). Significant positive correlation between Hcy and MDA (H). Significant negative correlation between Hcy and SOD (I). n: number of values = 50, r: Pearson’s correlation coefficient