Fig. 1

Experimental schedule and locomotor activity of mice in response to 15 days of restricted feeding. A Experimental schedule. After one week of baseline recording, mice in the ad libitum (AL) groups received free access to food throughout the study. In contrast, mice in the restricted feeding (RF) (1 day, 8 days, 15 days) groups were allowed access to food between ZT4-ZT8 during the days (for 1 day, 8 days, and 15 days, respectively). B Time course of the food anticipation activity (FAA) in response to 15 days of restricted feeding. C Mean locomotor activity of mice from day 4 to day 14 of restricted feeding. The mean (± SEM) locomotor activity for ten subjects is shown on the y-axis. The x-axis represents Zeitgeber time. D Time course of the 24-H locomotor activity in response to 15 days of food restriction. A similar trend in the time course, except for the first day of the food restriction, was observed in AL and RF groups (D). The mean (± SEM) locomotor activity during ZT2-ZT4 (B) or ZT0-ZT24 (D) for ten subjects is shown on the y-axis. The x-axis represents experimental days (B and D). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001 difference between AL mice and RF mice according to Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test