Fig. 4

Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels after MDG ingestion. A Blood glucose levels before and 5, 10, 30, 60, and 90 min after oral ingestion of 0.5 M glucose solution with intragastric infusion of glucose (OG + IG; n = 5) and oral ingestion of 0.5 M MDG solution with intragastric infusion of glucose (OMDG + IG; n = 5). B Plasma insulin levels before and 5, 10, 30, 60 and 90 min after OG + IG (n = 5), and OMDG + IG (n = 5) protocols. All mice received 2 mg/g body weight of glucose. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error. C Plasma insulin levels at 0 and 5 min after OG + IG protocol (2 mg/g body weight). **P < 0.01, paired t-test. D Plasma insulin levels at 0 and 5 min after OMDG + IG protocol (2 mg/g body weight). ***P < 0.001, paired t-test. E Increase in insulin concentration at 5 min for OG + IG and OMDG + IG groups. **P < 0.01, Student’s t-test. Box plots are as in Fig. 1E. Each point indicates individual data