Fig. 3

Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels after oral ingestion of glucose with glucose transporter oral treatment. A Blood glucose levels before and 5, 10, 30, 60, and 90 min after oral ingestion of glucose after oral treatment with saline (OG–GTI; n = 6) or 1 mM phlorizin plus 1 mM phloretin (OG + GTI; n = 11). B. Plasma insulin levels before and 5, 10, 30, 60, and 90 min after OG–GTI (n = 6) and OG + GTI (n = 8) protocols. All mice received 2 mg/g body weight of glucose. ***P < 0.05, Student's t-test with Bonferroni correction. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error. C Plasma insulin levels at 0 and 5 min after the OG–GTI protocol. *P < 0.05, paired t-test. D Plasma insulin levels at 0 and 5 min after the OG + GTI protocol. *P < 0.05, paired t-test. E Increases in plasma insulin levels at 5 min for the OG–GTI and OG + GTI groups. *P < 0.05, Student's t-test. Box plots are as in Fig. 1E. Each point indicates individual data