Fig. 2

Effects of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) and farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) on the inhibition by simvastatin of the thrombin-induced di-phosphorylation of myosin light chain (ppMLC) and decrease in the trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) in porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAECs). a, b The effects of simvastatin and GGPP (a; n = 4) or FPP (b; n = 5) on the thrombin-induced ppMLC were summarized. PAECs were pretreated or left untreated with simvastatin, GGPP or FPP, either alone or their combination, at the indicated concentrations for 16 h. The cells were then stimulated with 1 unit/mL thrombin, in the presence of simvastatin, GGPP or FPP, when pretreated. The levels of ppMLC were evaluated 3 min after thrombin stimulation. All original images of the immunoblot analyses in panels a and b are shown in Additional file 1: Figure S2. c Shown are the time courses of the change in the TEER after stimulation with 1 unit/mL thrombin in PAECs with and without pretreatment with 10 µM simvastatin, 3 µM GGPP or 10 µM FPP, as indicated (n = 5). The data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *P < .05 vs. simvastatin (a, b) and thrombin + simvastatin (c); #P < 0.05 vs. thrombin (c), according to an ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test