Fig. 1

Pain-related behaviors in a rat immobilization-induced pain model. a Representative photograph of a rat with cast immobilization of the left hindlimb. b Mechanical withdrawal thresholds measured with an electronic von Frey apparatus. c Withdrawal latencies to radiant heat as measured using Hargreaves’ apparatus. Mechanical withdrawal thresholds and heat withdrawal latencies were compared before and 4 weeks after cast immobilization using a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. Thin gray lines: individual threshold changes (n = 12 rats). Thick black line: mean value of the 12 rats with its SEM