Fig. 7
a Neuronal retrograde tracer (Fluoro-Gold) was injected at the left rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Fluoro-gold expression was observed in the vestibular nucleus complex (VNC). Scale bar: 200 μm for main panels and 100 μm for insets. b Axonal terminal of the neurons in the VNC at the RVLM. Viral vector, AAV-CAMK2-mCherry, was injected at the VNC. The scale bar is 100 μm. c c-fos expression in C1 neurons induced by exposure to hypergravity environment (2 g) for 90 min in rats with vestibular lesion (VL) and their sham operation (Sham). The scale bar is 100 μm. d Quantitative analysis of c-fos expression induced by 2 g loading in Sham and VL rats. Statistics: unpaired t test; t(14) = 1.017, P = 0.3266 [TH(+) Fos(±)], t(14) = 10.26, P < 0.0001 [TH(+) Fos(+)], and t(14) = 5.713, P < 0.0001 [TH(−) Fos(+)]