Fig. 3

Serum glucose levels and areas under the curve of glucose and insulin during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Female rats were assigned to the following regime for 6 weeks. Ad libitum supply of water and food (normal-control, WAFA), water supply for 1 h per day with ad libitum food intake (WRFA), and ad libitum water supply plus pair feeding of food to as much as WRFA (WAFR). Rats in WR-WA had water restriction for 3 weeks and ad libitum water supply with ad libitum food intake for 3 weeks. The changes in the serum glucose levels (a) and the averages of the areas under the curve (AUC) of glucose (b) were calculated for the first part (0–40 min) and the second part (40–120 min) of the OGTT. Serum insulin levels (c) were measured during the OGTT. Each dot and bar represents the mean ± SD (n = 10). *Significantly different among all groups by one-way ANOVA at p < 0.05. ^{a, b, c}Each dot and bar with a different alphabet differs significantly by Tukey’s test at p < 0.05