Fig. 4

Effects of xanthoceraside on the expression of synapse-structure-associated signaling pathway proteins in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. a–e Representative Western blots and quantification analysis of BDNF, TrkB, p-ERK, p-PI3K and p-Akt in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 4). ^##p < 0.01 and ^###p < 0.001 versus the control group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 versus the model group