Fig. 1

Time course of the experiment at 8 weeks of age. Immediately after the open field test (OFT), the center object was removed and habituation period was started. After 30-min habituation, tail pinch was applied for the group of tail pinch with food (TPF) and the group of tail pinch without food (TP). During habituation and recovery-1, food was available only for the group of control with food (CF) and TPF. At the end of recovery-1, the food was removed and the center object was put again on the center of the field, and then recovery-2 was started