Fig. 2

Effect of nicotine on the odor-evoked responses in regional blood flow in the olfactory bulb and frontal cortex and mean arterial pressure (MAP). a Before nicotine injection. b After intravenous injection of nicotine (30 μg/kg). Mean values of blood flow (in the olfactory bulb and frontal cortex) and MAP during a 5-s period were plotted every 5 s as percentage of the pre-odor stimulus basal values (−5 to 0 s) (n = 6). (a For each rat, two trials were averaged. b For each rat, a trial obtained 5–10 min after intravenous injection of nicotine was summarized). Each point and vertical bar represent a mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; significantly different from the pre-odor stimulus basal values (−5 to 0 s) using a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. Inset in a and b: sample recordings of regional blood flow in the olfactory bulb (olf-BF) and frontal cortex (fro-BF) and MAP to odor stimulation in one rat