Physiological insights of recent clinical diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for cardiovascular diseases

Table 1 Pulmonary input impedance in normal adult subjects and patients with pulmonary hypertension

Authors	Year	n	Diagnosis	PAP (mmHg)	PVR (dyn·s/cm⁵)	Z1 (dyn·s/cm⁵)	Zc (dyn·s/cm⁵)
Normal subjects
Milnor et al. [17]	1969	3		13.9	97		23
Murgo et al. [18]	1984	10		14.9	79		20
Chen et al. [19]	1990	8		19.3	175	49	34
Slife et al. [20]	1990	8		13.3	73		22
Laskey et al. [21]	1993	10		14	73	38	22
Noda et al. [22]	2006	12		15	241	46	37
Pulmonary hypertension
Milnor et al. [17]	1969	7	MS	40.2	340		46
Yin et al. [23]	1983	7	HF	37.6	457		49
Chen et al. [19]	1990	8	COPD	35.4	469	169	59
Laskey et al. [21]	1993	8	PPH	50	880	385	55
Huez et al. [24]	2004	22	PAH	63	1282	289	124

COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HF heart failure, MS mitral stenosis, PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension, PAP mean pulmonary artery pressure, PPH primary pulmonary hypertension, PVR pulmonary vascular resistance, Z1 input impedance at 1st harmonic, Zc characteristic impedance

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