Fig. 1
Ventricular pressure–volume relationship. ESPVR end-systolic pressure–volume relationship, Pes end-systolic arterial pressure, Ves end-systolic left ventricular volume, Ved end-diastolic left ventricular volume, V 0 the volume-axis intercept of ESPVR, Ees end-systolic left ventricular elastance, Ea effective arterial elastance, SV stroke volume