Transmural cellular heterogeneity in myocardial electromechanics

Table 3 Contribution of ENDO/EPI differences in the electrical, calcium handling and mechanical properties to the characteristics of action potential, Ca²⁺ transient, and contraction at isometric twitches

Model	APD₉₀, ms	CaT₉₀, ms	T _max, ms	TR₇₅, ms
EPI	204	71	115	131
ENDO (E)	256/1.25	69/0.97	122/1.06	149/1.14
ENDO (E + Ca)	259/1.27	80/1.12	140/1.22	176/1.34
ENDO	262/1.28	97/1.37	154/1.34	175/1.34
ENDO (−MEF)	256/1.25	82/1.15	158/1.37	178/1.36

The ENDO/EPI ratio for the characteristics produced by the models is shown after the slash
APD ₉₀ action potential duration at 90% repolarization, CaT ₉₀ calcium transient duration at 90% decay, T _max time to peak contraction, TR ₇₅ time to 75% relaxation (measured as the time interval from T _max to the time of 75% relaxation). ENDO (E) model differs from the EPI model in the electrical properties only; ENDO (E + Ca) model accounts for the heterogeneity in the electrical and calcium handling properties between the cells; ENDO is a complete ENDO model accounting for the heterogeneity in the electrical, calcium handling and mechanical properties; ENDO (−MEF) model is a complete ENDO model excluding mechano-calcium-electric feedback (MEF)

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