Fig. 6

K⁺ spatial buffering in a non-uniform distribution of high [K⁺]_out. a Simulated K⁺ uptake at the perisynaptic membrane. [K⁺]_out in the synaptic cleft was increased from 3 to 20 mM ([K⁺]_out,syn). The K⁺ currents through the KIR channels at the synaptic cleft, at the main body and at the perivascular endfeet (KIR [Synaptic cleft], KIR [Main], KIR [Perivascular], respectively), intracellular [K⁺] ([K⁺]_in), equivalent potential (E _K,syn), and membrane potential (V _m) at the synaptic cleft are shown. Positive values in K⁺ current correspond to the outward direction, b [K⁺]_out dependence of K⁺ uptake through KIR channels. K⁺ currents through KIR channels at the synaptic cleft (KIR [Synaptic cleft]) at various [K⁺]_out levels were calculated after a 30-min application of high [K⁺]_out, c simulated K⁺ release into the perivascular space. All [K⁺]_out levels except [K⁺]_out,peri were increased from 3 to 20 mM. K⁺ currents through KIR channels in the perivascular space are shown (KIR [Perivascular], KIR [Main] and KIR [Perivascular]). [K⁺]_in, E _K,peri, and V _m are also shown, as in Fig. 6a, and d [K⁺]_out dependence of K⁺ release through KIR channels localized in the perivascular space. K⁺ currents through KIR channels in the perivascular space (KIR [Perivascular]) at various [K⁺]_out levels were calculated after a 30-min application of high [K⁺]_out