Fig. 4

The effect of flumazenil (FLU) on anxiolytic-like behaviours induced by mitragynine (MG) and diazepam (DZP) in rats. The animals received a pre-test injection of saline (1 ml/kg) or FLU (10 mg/kg) 15 min before MG (40 mg/kg) or DZP (10 mg/kg) treatments. Control (5 ml/kg) and FLU groups received saline (1 ml/kg) 15 min before treatments. The anxolytic-like behaviour indices include changes in %OAE (a), %OAT (b) and the total arm entries (c). Each bar represents mean ± SEM. ***p < 0.001 when compared to control group; ⁺ p < 0.05 and ⁺⁺ p < 0.01 when compared to MG group; ^## p < 0.01 and ^### p < 0.001 when compared to DZP group