Fig. 7

Effects of ischemia on the isolated ventricular myocytes. a Viability of ventricular myocytes pre-exposed to ischemia for 90 min. The percentage of the cell number of viable ventricular myocytes with or without (control) exposure to ischemia for 90 min (Isch-90 min, n = 8, paired experiments). Rounded cells (defined as cells in which the ratio between the length and width as <2) were considered to be irreversibly injured or dead [36]. **p < 0.001. Upper right panels show the representative light microscopy of ventricular myocytes. Bar 50 µm. b Immunofluorescent signals for the estimated membrane-bound LC3 in isolated ventricular myocytes with or without (control) ischemia for 45 min (Isch-45 min). n = 5 cells obtained from 3 mice. **p < 0.001. Right panels show the representative confocal laser scanning microscopy of immunostaining of LC3 (left) and DIC images (right) of ventricular myocytes (bars 50 µm)