Fig. 4

Effect of various antioxidants on ROS production. ROS production was determined in the presence of 200 nM VBL or 15 μM CIS at 37 or 42°C. Various antioxidants, i.e., 10 mM NAC (N-acetyl-cysteine), 50 nM retinoic acid, 100 nM quercetin, 50 μM catechin, 100 nM lutein, and 20 μM, β-carotene, were added. Cells were incubated for 45 min, followed by determination of ROS production (mean ± SEM; n = 4, *p < 0.05)