Fig. 6

Transmural distribution of ATP consumption rate in HF ventricles with no support (a), with continuous LVAD (b), and with counter-pulsating LVAD (c). d Total ATP consumption in the ventricles without LVAD, and with continuous and pulsatile LVADs. ATP consumption is normalized by the ATP consumption of the ventricles without LVAD support. The time axis indicates the pumping phase for the pulsatile LVAD. Cont Continuous LVAD, Pulse pulsatile LVAD