Fig. 5

Active tension and the corresponding fiber strain for different wall depths at mid-base of the posterior LV free wall: a, b without LVAD support; c, d with continuous LVAD support; and e, f with counter-pulsating LVAD support. The unstressed state is the reference state for the strain calculations. g The LV pressure–volume curves for HF without LVAD support, with continuous LVAD support, and with counter-pulsating LVAD support. endo, endocardium; M mid-myocardium, epi epicardium, cont continuous LVAD support, counter counter-pulsating LVAD support