Fig. 1

The experimental design of the study, including the training and sedentary periods, and age of the rats. The abbreviations denote the following groups: baseline control (C), 8 weeks sedentary control (8S), 8 weeks of jumping exercise (8Ex) for 5 d/w (d/w = number of days per week) at 40 J/d (J/d = number of jumps per day), 20 weeks sedentary control (20S), 8 weeks of jumping exercise followed by 12 weeks sedentary (8Ex12S), 20 weeks of jumping exercise at 5 d/w and 40 J/d (20Ex), 32 weeks sedentary control (32S), 8 weeks of jumping exercise followed by 24 weeks sedentary (8Ex24S), 32 weeks of jumping exercise at 5 d/w and 40 J/d (32Ex). S sedentary, Ex exercise, number before S or Ex number of weeks of sedentary or exercise. These abbreviations will be used in all the other figures and tables in this study