Fig. 1
Electrical analogs of Norwood procedures. a Norwood procedure with systemic to pulmonary shunt, b Norwood procedure with non-valved right ventricle to pulmonary artery (RV-PA) shunt, c Norwood procedure with valved RV-PA shunt. LA left atrium, RA right atrium, RV right ventricle, PV pulmonary valve, TV tricuspid valve, ASD atrial septal defect. R a arterial resistance, R c characteristic impedance, R v venous resistance, C a arterial capacitance, C v venous capacitance. s and p systemic and pulmonary circulation, respectively. R PV, R TV and R ASD resistance at PV, TV and ASD, respectively