Table 3 Simulated hemodynamic responses of a normal person, a patient with heart failure, and a patient with heart failure with an LVAD operating in co-pulsation, counter-pulsation, and continuous flow modes
| Â | Normal | HF | LVAD-implanted HF | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Co | Counter | Cont | |||
LVAD flow (ml/min) | 0 | 0 | 5,000 | 5,000 | 5,000 |
Native cardiac output (ml/min) | 5,478 | 3,826 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Stroke volume (ml) | 76 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Blood flow: lca (ml/min) | 247 | 156 | 298 | 314 | 302 |
Blood flow: up (ml/min) | 1,418 | 1,105 | 1,221 | 1,218 | 1,217 |
Blood flow: sp (ml/min) | 1,857 | 1,427 | 1,574 | 1,571 | 1,568 |
Blood flow: ll (ml/min) | 1,510 | 1,173 | 1,296 | 1,293 | 1,292 |
Blood flow: kid (ml/min) | 693 | 552 | 599 | 597 | 597 |
MAP (mmHg) | 100 | 71 | 89 | 89 | 89 |
Pulse aortic pressure (mmHg) | 31 | 21 | 17 | 17 | 0 |
LV peak pressure (mmHg) | 117 | 82 | 62 | 43 | 51 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 72 | 103 | 93 | 93 | 93 |
Peripheral resistance: up (%) | 100 | 105 | 99 | 98 | 98 |
Peripheral resistance: sp (%) | 100 | 107 | 98 | 97 | 98 |
Peripheral resistance: ll (%) | 100 | 106 | 98 | 98 | 98 |
Peripheral resistance: kid (%) | 100 | 102 | 99 | 99 | 99 |
ZPFV: up (%) | 100 | 98 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
ZPFV: sp (%) | 100 | 97 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
ZPFV: ll (%) | 100 | 97 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
ZPFV: kid (%) | 100 | 98 | 100 | 100 | 100 |