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Table 1 Pain ratings for the four experimental groups (mean ± SD)

From: Effects of chiropractic spinal manipulation on laser-evoked pain and brain activity

 

No intervention

Placebo intervention

SM at T4

SM at T8

PRE

27.8 ± 4.6

27.5 ± 3.9

25.2 ± 2.8

23.1 ± 2.6

POST

28.1 ± 4.6

27.0 ± 3.9

19.8 ± 2.8

19.2 ± 2.6