Fig. 1From: Effects of mechanical ventilation with expiratory negative airway pressure on porcine pulmonary and systemic circulation: mechano-physiology and potential applicationSchematic representation of standard ventilation circuit along with the generation system of expiratory negative airway pressure (ENAP). Green and pink panels indicate standard ventilation circuit and generation system of ENAP, respectively. a Airflows (red and blue arrows) are shown during the expiratory (left) and inspiratory (right) phases for the animal when the impedance threshold valve (ITV) is inactivated (ENAP OFF). b Airflows (red and blue arrows) are shown during the expiratory (left) and inspiratory (right) phases when the ITV is activated (ENAP ON). Black arrows show the directions of moves of piston and fan-shaped pulleyBack to article page