Effectiveness of impedance parameters for muscle quality evaluation in healthy men

Table 4 Predictors of muscle strength in lower extremity (n=38)

Dependent variables	Independent variables	Coefficient	Standardized coefficient	p value	95% CI	VIF
Model 1
\({R}^{2}=\) 0.29	QF_MT	19.13	0.57	<0.01	[9.26, 28.9]	1.09
	QF_MI	− 0.16	− 0.09	0.53	[− 0.66, 0.34]	1.18
	BMI	− 0.89	− 0.09	0.55	[− 3.92, 2.13]	1.11
Model 2
\({R}^{2}=\) 0.53	QF_MT	15.7	0.46	<0.01	[0.22, 0.71]	1.14
	QF_MI	− 0.18	− 0.1	0.39	[− 0.35, 0.14]	1.18
	PA_cole	29.8	0.49	<0.01	[0.25, 0.72]	1.05
	BMI	− 1.16	− 0.11	0.34	[− 0.35, 0.13]	1.11
Model 3
\({R}^{2}=\) 0.66	QF_MT	11.6	0.35	<0.01	[0.13, 0.56]	1.23
	QF_MI	− 0.15	− 0.09	0.37	[− 0.3, 0.12]	1.21
	\({R}_{i}\)/\({R}_{e}\)	− 79.2	− 0.43	<0.01	[− 0.64, -0.22]	1.14
	β	17.6	0.55	<0.01	[0.34, 0.76]	1.13
	BMI	− 0.95	− 0.09	0.36	[− 0.29, 0.11]	1.11

R² represents the adjusted coefficient of determination
CI confidence intervals, VIF variance inflation factor, QF_MT muscle thickness of quadriceps femoris, QF_MI muscle intensity of quadriceps femoris, PA_cole phase angle of Cole–Cole model, \(\beta\) beta parameter, \({R}_{i}\)/\({R}_{e}\) ratio of intracellular fluid resistance to extracellular fluid resistance, BMI body mass index

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