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Fig. 6 | The Journal of Physiological Sciences

Fig. 6

From: Electrophysiological investigation of the contribution of attention to altered pain inhibition processes in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Fig. 6

Modulation of pain perception and NFR amplitude by selective attention and heterotopic noxious counter-stimulation (HNCS). a Pain ratings (mean ± SEM) of the electrical stimulation for each block, session, and group (patients with IBS, left column; control group, right column). For mean values and statistical tests, see Table 2 and “Results” section. The inhibitory effect of HICS and HNCS compared with baseline within each session is represented by the * and symbols. *p < 0.05, p < 0.01. The inhibitory effects of HNCS compared with HICS vs. the corresponding changes in the control session is represented by the # symbol. #p > 0.05. X-axis, conditions and sessions; Y-axis, pain ratings of the electrical stimulation. b Standardized NFR amplitude (T-score ± SEM) induced by the electrical stimulation for each block, session, and group (patients with IBS, left column; control group, right column). For mean values and statistical results, see Table 2 and the “Results” section). X-axis, conditions and sessions; Y-axis, standardized amplitude (T-score). NRS: numerical rating scale; SEM: standard error of the mean; IBS: irritable bowel syndrome; HICS: heterotopic innocuous counter-stimulation; HNCS: heterotopic noxious counter-stimulation

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