Impact of delayed ventricular wall area ratio on pathophysiology of mechanical dyssynchrony: implication from single-ventricle physiology and 0D modeling

Table 3 Parameters used in the simulation

Cardiac parameters	Atrium	Ventricle (per unit)
Maximal elastance (E_max), mmHg/ml	1.00	62.0^*
Time to maximal elastance (T_max), ms	120	290
Scaling factor of EDPVR (A), mmHg	0.80	0.28
Exponent for EDPVR (B), ml⁻¹	0.08	0.80^*
Unstressed volume (V₀), ml	10.0	0.77^†

Systemic circulation	Artery	Vein
Characteristic impedance (Z), mmHg∙s∙ml⁻¹	0.04	–
Vascular compliance (C), ml/mmHg	1.10	35.0
Vascular resistance (R), mmHg∙s∙ml⁻¹	1.05	0.050

Pulmonary circulation	Artery	Vein
Characteristic impedance (Z), mmHg∙s∙ml⁻¹	0.01	–
Vascular compliance (C), ml/mmHg	2.5	3.0
Vascular resistance (R), mmHg∙s∙ml⁻¹	0.040	0.010

Atrioventricular valve characteristics
Effective orifice area, cm²	5.0
Inertance (L), mmHg s² ml⁻¹	0.0003
Density of blood (ρ), g ml⁻¹	1.06
Constant (K), g s⁻² cm⁻¹ mmHg⁻¹	1 333

Aortic valve characteristics
Resistance (R), mmHg∙s∙ml⁻¹	0.005

Intraventricular communication
Resistance (R), mmHg∙s∙ml⁻¹	0.008

Other parameters
Heart rate (HR), beats min⁻¹	80
PR interval, ms	100
Total stressed blood volume, ml	720

The ventricle was modeled to be separated into 20 units and ventricular parameters were given for one unit (= 5% of the total ventricle). ^*20 times larger than values for the total ventricle. ^†20 times smaller than values for the total ventricle. EDPVR, end-diastolic pressure–volume relationship

ISSN: 1880-6562