Fig. 2

Na⁺-induced Ca²⁺ efflux from isolated mitochondria. a Representative traces of mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake assay. Blocking Ca²⁺ influx through MCU by 5 μM Ru360 induced Ca²⁺ efflux from mitochondria, which was accelerated by extra-mitochondrial Na⁺ (25 mM). b Initial Ca²⁺ efflux rate in the absence and presence of extra-mitochondrial Na⁺ (n = 4). *p < 0.05