Fig. 5
Sympathetic effects on the hemodynamics and Tm in the lower lip, and SABP. a Typical examples of changes in BF, VC, and Tm in the lower lip on the left side, extracted from the ROI indicated by the white circles in Fig. 2b, and SABP evoked by electrical stimulation of the peripheral cut end of the left CST (CST stim.; horizontal bar with dashed lines) for 2 min with a supramaximal voltage (10 V) at 5 Hz using 2-ms pulses. b Mean ± SEM of ∆BF, ∆VC, and ∆Tm in the lower lip (black symbols) evoked by CST stimulation at 10 V and various frequencies (0.5–5 Hz; n = 6 in each group). The responses evoked by CST stimulation were determined by calculating the difference between the maximum value during the 10 min after stimulation and the baseline value. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. base value