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Table 1 Anthropometric and performance characteristics in male and female athletes

From: Males benefit more from cold water immersion during repeated handgrip contractions than females despite similar oxygen kinetics

 

Males

Females

Differences

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

95% CI

Sig

d

Body mass (kg)

71.0 ± 9.3

56.9 ± 5.5

− 20.0 to − 8.2

P < 0.001

1.35

Body height (cm)

178.3 ± 9.7

166.1 ± 5.6

− 18.3 to − 6.1

P < 0.001

1.22

Body fat (%)

7.6 ± 2.0

16.4 ± 3.5

6.6 to 11.0

P < 0.001

3.08

Forearm skinfold (mm)

3.5 ± 0.5

4.0 ± 0.7

0.08 to 1.1

P = 0.023

0.72

Forearm circumference (cm)

28.1 ± 2.2

24.2 ± 1.3

− 5.3 to − 2.5

P < 0.001

2.16

Climbing ability (IRCRA scale)

18.0 ± 4.0

15.3 ± 3.2

− 5.4 to 0.2

P = 0.065

0.74

Fmax (N)

571 ± 85

386 ± 71

− 25.0 to − 12.8

P < 0.001

2.36

Fmax rel (Nkg−1)

8.1 ± 1.3

6.8 ± 1.3

− 0.24 to − 0.02

P = 0.020

1.00

Time of the trial 1 (s)—mean of the three visits

83.5 ± 23.5

105.7 ± 21.7

2.3 to 36.1

P = 0.014

0.98

FTI of the trial 1 (Ns)—mean of the three visits

26,431 ± 7118

21,946 ± 4848

− 990 to − 106

P = 0.059

0.73

  1. Italic designates significant differences at P < 0.05
  2. SD standard deviation, CI confidence interval, d Cohen’s delta, FTI force–time integral, Fmax maximal finger flexor strength, Fmax rel maximal finger flexor strength related to body mass, IRCRA International Research Rock Climbing Association