Fig. 3

a, c Thirty-second averaged time courses of MAP and HR while conscious, free-moving Sham (a, n = 7) and CHF (c, n = 8) rats, of which microinjection sites were located within the l/vlPAG, were exposed to 5-min of WNS at 90 dB. At 30–40 min prior to the onset of WNS exposure, saline (100 nl) or Tempol (10 mM diluted in 100 nl saline) was bilaterally microinjected into the l/vlPAG. Values are mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, vs. baseline, detected by the Dunnett’s post hoc test following one-way repeated-measures ANOVA. b, d Comparisons of 5 min averaged changes from baseline in MAP and HR between saline and Tempol microinjections into the l/vlPAG in the Sham (b) and CHF (d) rats. NS no significant differences between saline and Tempol microinjections, examined by paired t tests