Long-term moderate intensity exercise alleviates myocardial fibrosis in type 2 diabetic rats via inhibitions of oxidative stress and TGF-β1/Smad pathway

Table 2 Changes of the structural and functional parameters in the left ventricle (n = 8 per group)

Index	NC	T2DM	T2DME
LVIDd (mm)	7.51 ± 0.86	9.06 ± 0.74**	8.13 ± 0.85
LVIDs (mm)	5.25 ± 0.98	7.26 ± 0.97**	5.82 ± 0.63^#
LVPWd (mm)	1.01 ± 0.35	1.38 ± 0.48	1.28 ± 0.42
LVPWs (mm)	1.37 ± 0.34	1.69 ± 0.41	1.54 ± 0.50
FS (%)	31 ± 4.78	23 ± 4.18*	29 ± 3.36^#
EF (%)	71 ± 9.60	56 ± 5.07**	67 ± 6.19^#

LVIDd left ventricular end diastolic diameter, LVIDs left ventricular end systolic diameter, LVPWd wall thickness of left ventricular end diastole, LVPWs wall thickness of the left ventricle at the end of systolic period, FS short axis shortening fraction of the left ventricle, EF left ventricular ejection fraction. NC, T2DM and T2DME respectively represent control group, type 2 diabetes group and type 2 diabetes plus exercise group
*P < 0.05 vs NC
**P < 0.01 vs NC
^#P < 0.05 vs T2DM

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