Fig. 1

PMA suppresses adipocyte differentiation and enhances the proliferation of BMSCs under adipogenesis conditions. a Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were cultured in standard medium. After 7 days, cells were cultured for 1 day in adipocyte differentiation medium and treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) at the indicated concentration. Total RNA was isolated, and the quantitative mRNA levels of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were determined using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. n = 4 (^**P < 0.01 vs. vehicle control). b, c BMSCs were cultured in adipocyte differentiation medium for 14 days with the indicated concentration of PMA. b The cell numbers were evaluated using a modification of the MTT assay. n = 9 (^**P < 0.01 vs. vehicle control). c The levels of total adipocyte accumulation were measured based on Oil Red O extraction. n = 9 (not significant)