| WAFA | WRFA | WAFR | WR-WA |
---|---|---|---|---|
Water intake (ml/day) | 30.8 ± 2.2b | 11.9 ± 1.0c | 38.7 ± 2.3a | 11.3 ± 0.9c/31.5 ± 2.5b |
Serum aldosterone (pg/ml) | 205 ± 28b | 255 ± 29a | 201 ± 23b | 197 ± 25b |
Serum vasopressin (ng/ml) | 1.04 ± 0.12b | 1.43 ± 0.17a | 0.98 ± 0.13b | 1.03 ± 0.14b |
Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.91 ± 0.18b | 2.82 ± 0.34a | 1.84 ± 0.25b | 2.04 ± 0.27b |
Serum BUN (mg/dl) | 18.5 ± 2.4b | 26.7 ± 3.1a | 17.6 ± 2.0b | 19.7 ± 2.7b |
Serum osmolarity (mOsm/kg H2O) | 295 ± 2.59b | 315 ± 2.28a | 290 ± 2.25c | 299 ± 2.94b |
Kidney weight (g) | 1.98 ± 0.12 | 1.98 ± 0.07 | 1.93 ± 0.09 | 1.98 ± 0.07 |
Kidney malondialdehyde levels (nmol/mg protein) | 3.8 ± 0.6b | 5.6 ± 0.9a | 2.4 ± 0.4c | 4.0 ± 0.7b |
Kidney Cu/Zn SOD expression (fold increase of the control) | 1.0 ± 0.07b | 1.53 ± 0.18a | 0.98 ± 0.15b | 1.07 ± 0.15b |
Kidney GSH-Px expression (fold increase of the control) | 1.0 ± 0.06b | 1.47 ± 0.16a | 1.01 ± 0.17b | 1.06 ± 0.16b |
Kidney TNF-α levels (pg/mg protein) | 8.3 ± 1.1b | 15.4 ± 2.6a | 5.2 ± 0.9c | 8.9 ± 1.3b |
Kidney TNF-α expression (fold increase of the control) | 1.0 ± 0.07b | 2.14 ± 0.39a | 0.77 ± 0.10c | 1.03 ± 0.12b |
Kidney IL-1β expression (fold increase of the control) | 1.0 ± 0.06b | 1.87 ± 0.28a | 0.71 ± 0.09c | 1.05 ± 0.13b |