Fig. 1
Kidney morphology. Female rats were assigned to the following regime for 6 weeks. Ad libitum supply of water and food (normal-control, WAFA), water supply for 1 h per day with ad libitum food intake (WRFA), and ad libitum water supply plus pair feeding of food to as much as WRFA (WAFR). Rats in WR-WA had water restriction for 3 weeks and ad libitum water supply with ad libitum food intake for 3 weeks. At the end of the experiment, kidneys were embedded into paraffin and its section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (a). The kidney damage was scored by the shrinkage of glomerulus and shape of renal tubules from the H&E-stained sections and the percentage of apoptotic cells in the glomerulus by TUNEL assay (b). Higher scores indicated greater renal damage. Apoptotic cells (brown dots) in the glomerulus were stained by immunohistochemistry by an in situ Cell Death TUNEL kit (c). The brown dots represent the apoptotic cells. Each bar and error bar represents mean ± SD (n = 10). a, b, cBars with a different letters differ significantly at p < 0.05