Fig. 1

Transverse sections from each group (a CON, b CON + PP, c HU, d HU + PP) stained for alkaline phosphatase (AP). e The capillary-to muscle fiber (C/F) ratio of the soleus muscle. CON Control group, CON+PP control plus propolis supplementation group, HU hindlimb unloading group, HU+PP hindlimb unloading plus propolis supplementation group. Scale bar: 100 μm. Values are shown as the mean (bars) ± standard deviation of the mean (SEM; error bars). The asterisk (*), dagger (†), and double dagger (‡) indicate a significant difference from the CON, CON + PP, and HU groups, respectively, at P < 0.05