Fig. 6

Effect of tDCS on nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) amplitude. a NFR modulation during anodal tDCS. NFR amplitude was significantly decreased during anodal tDCS compared with the pre-tDCS baseline value. NFR inhibition by WM in the 0-back with pain and the 2-back with pain tasks was not significantly changed by anodal tDCS, although it tended to decrease compared with their respective pre-tDCS baseline values (p = 0.067 and p = 0.057, respectively). b NFR modulation during sham tDCS. NFR amplitude was significantly decreased during sham tDCS compared with the pre-tDCS baseline value while inhibition of NFR by WM was significantly greater than the pre-tDCS baseline value in the 0-back with pain task (p = 0.036) but in not the 2-back with pain task (p = 0.13). Error bars SEM. Single and triple asterisks indicate significant difference at p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively