Fig. 3

Effects of hypergravity and VL on the expression of osteogenic differentiation genes in the tibia of mice. Total RNA was extracted from the tibia of mice treated with VL or sham surgery after exposure to 1 or 2 g for 2 (a) and 8 weeks (b). Then, the mRNA level of Runx2, Osterix, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen (Col-1), osteocalcin (OCN) or GAPDH was assessed by real-time PCR analysis. Data are expressed relative to the levels of GAPDH. The data represent the mean ± SEM of 6 (a) and 4 (b) tissues in each group. **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05