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Table 1 Clinical studies of hypotonic treatment for cancer

From: Regulation of osmolality for cancer treatment

Treatment

Types of cancer

Types of study

Number of patients studied

Year

Reference

DW lavage

HCC

Retrospective study

32

2006

Lin et al. [36]

HCC

Retrospective study

66

2013

Chang et al. [37]

HCC

Retrospective study

141

2015

Zhou et al. [17]

Hypotonic cisplatin

Lung cancer

Preliminary clinical results

7

1993

Ichinose et al. [20]

Lung cancer

Retrospective study

50

1997

Ichinose et al. [38]

Esophageal cancer

Pharmacokinetics study

16

2001

Katano et al. [41]

Lung cancer

Prematurely terminated phase III trial

49

2002

Ichinose et al. [39]

Gastric cancer

Phase I study

48

2002

Tsujitani et al. [40]

Lung cancer

Multi-institutional phase II trial

80

2006

Seto et al. [42]

  1. DW distilled water, HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma