Fig. 2

Distinct time courses of average MAP and HR responses to microstimulation of the amygdala. a, b Average changes of mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP) from baseline (AP over the 15 s prior to amygdala microstimulation) [n = 10; (a)]. The quantification of average ΔMAP in each 15-s period during the first stimulus train, during the last stimulus train and after electrical stimulation (b). Black and gray lines and bars indicate average ΔMAP in response to stimulation of sites showing the largest increases and decreases, respectively, for each rat. Note that the evoked AP decrease occurred sooner than the evoked AP increase. c, d Same as (a, b) but average changes of heart rate (ΔHR) from baseline. Statistical significance was tested using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001)