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Fig. 1 | The Journal of Physiological Sciences

Fig. 1

From: Bidirectional cardiovascular responses evoked by microstimulation of the amygdala in rats

Fig. 1

Electrical stimulation of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) evoked bidirectional cardiovascular responses. a, b Arterial pressure (AP) (a) and heart rate (HR) (b) recorded from the femoral artery in a rat before, during and after ventral CeA microstimulation (1.8 mm caudal to bregma, 3.0 mm lateral to the midline and 7.0 mm ventral to the dura; 200 μA, 50 Hz and 30 s). Both AP and HR were gradually increased during CeA stimulation. Note that AP abruptly decreased back to baseline after stimulation, while the tachycardia reversed much more slowly. Upper black bars indicate the period of electrical stimulation. c Coronal section of the amygdala (1.8 mm caudal to bregma). Electrode track passed through the CeA from the dorsal to ventral direction. Asterisk indicates the stimulation site with facilitatory effects shown as (a) and (b) (3.0 mm lateral to midline and 7.0 mm ventral from dura). BLA: basolateral amygdala. d, e Same as (a, b) but during dorsal CeA microstimulation (1.8 mm caudal to bregma, 3.0 mm lateral to the midline, and 6.0 mm ventral to the dura; 200 μA, 50 Hz, and 30 s). Stimulation decreased AP (d) while HR was not changed (e). f Same as (c) but asterisk indicates the stimulation site with inhibitory effect shown as (d) and (e) (6.0 mm ventral from dura). Scale bar 1 mm

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