Fig. 5

S1P pre-conditioning boosts energy metabolism in hypoxia-exposed differentiating C2C12 myoblast cells. C2C12 myoblast cells were seeded and induced to differentiate as described earlier. S1P (1 μM) and VC pretreated differentiating C2C12 cells under normoxia (N) and 0.5% hypoxia (H) were analyzed for various cellular bioenergetics markers at predefined time points in all study groups. Differentiating C2C12 cell lysate was analyzed for intracellular glucose (a), lactate (b), lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) (c), hexokinase activity (HK) (d), citrate synthase activity (CS) (e) and creatine kinase activity (CK) (f). Data are reported as mean ± SD from three independent experiments carried out in triplicate after normalization with cell lysate (mg/ml). Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way ANOVA/post hoc Bonferroni’s analysis method. Statistical significance is denoted by NVC vs. HVC ($p < 0.05, *p ≤ 0.005) and HVC vs. HS1P (@p < 0.05, #p ≤ 0.005) at respective time points