Fig. 1

Microglial H⁺ currents are significantly increased by application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a dose-dependent manner. a Current traces from −100 to +100 mV from the holding potential of −60 mV for 1 s with or without (control) application of LPS (1 μg/ml) for 24 h are shown. b Current–voltage (I–V) relationships in the absence of LPS (control, filled square), with 100 nM/ml (filled circle) and 1 μg/ml LPS (filled upright triangle) are shown. c The relative current amplitudes at +100 mV in b are shown. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005 compared to control.^# p < 0.5, ^## p < 0.01 compared to LPS (100 ng/ml)