Fig. 3

Oxidative stress in soleus muscles of HLS mice after 2 weeks of treatment and CTL mice. a Evaluation of protein oxidation based on the detection of carbonylated protein using the OxyBlot Protein Oxidation Detection kit (upper part), with Coomassie Blue staining (bottom part) used for the loading control (The numbers [1, 2, and 3] indicate biological replicates, n = 3). H HLS mice, C CTL mice. b Lipid peroxidation levels, determined using the TBARS assay (n = 4). c mRNA expression of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) family and subunits [n = 5 for NOX1 and NADPH oxidase organizer 1 (NOXO1); n = 3 for the other targets). d mRNA expression of mitochondrial complex I subunits [n = 5 for NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) iron-sulfur protein subunits 3, 4, 5 (NDUFS3, 4, 5) and NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 1 and 2 (NDUFV1, 2); n = 3 for the other targets). mRNA levels are expressed as relative fold change compared with the CTL. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as a reference gene. Values are presented as the mean ± SE. Double asterisk indicates a significant difference between HLS and CTL mice at p < 0.01