Fig. 4

Acetylcholine-induced RhoA activation in GSMC of male and female rats. a Activated RhoA is expressed as absorbance at 450 nm. Analysis using the RhoA G-LISA™ Activation Assay kit revealed increased levels of activated RhoA in response to ACh (0.1 µM) in both male and female GSMC. Note that ACh-induced activation of RhoA was significantly greater in male cells versus female. b Total RhoA protein was similar in both male and female GSMC (*P < 0.01 vs. female, n = 10 males, n = 7 females)