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Fig. 4 | The Journal of Physiological Sciences

Fig. 4

From: Oscillation of cAMP and Ca2+ in cardiac myocytes: a systems biology approach

Fig. 4

Incorporation of Ca2+-mediated inhibition of type 5/6 AC into the model. a Graphical notation used by CellDesigner to depict β-AR signaling molecules: cardiac AC subtypes (AC5/6), non-cardiac AC subtypes (AC4/7), cAMP, Ca2+, and PKA. A negative feedback loop was not observed. b Computational oscillation loop of β-AR signaling molecules: cAMP, Ca2+, AC5/6, PDE, and PKA did not form a continuous negative feedback loop, and then faded. However, essentially no oscillation occurred. The intracellular concentration of cAMP at baseline (0 min) was taken as 1 (arbitrary units)

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