Fig. 1

The effect of touch on the somato-cardiac sympathetic reflex in adult rats. Representative records of A- and C-reflexes (averaged 50 times) before and during touch (12 g) are shown (A). At the point of the triangle (filled triangle) located under the time axis, a single electrical shock was applied to the tibial nerve. The graphs show the effect of touch (6–12 g) on A- (a) and C- (b) reflexes without (B) and with (C) i.v. naloxone administration (8 adult rats). The horizontal line in the graph indicates a period of 10-min touch. Data are expressed as changes with respect to pre-touch level (100%). Each symbol and vertical bar expresses mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; significantly different from pre-touch value as determined by the one-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test